LAB 8 : HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY

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INTRODUCTION
The study of physiology is, in a sense, the study of life. It asks questions about the internal workings of organisms and how they interact with the world around them. Physiology tests how organs and systems within the body work, how they communicate, and how they combine their efforts to make conditions favorable for survival.
Physiology is a study of a normal function within living creatures. It is a sub-section of biology, covering a range of topics that include organs, anatomy, cells, biological compounds and how they all interact to make life possible. The major systems in the study of physiology are circulatory system, digestive system and other else.

 MATERIALS


1)      Blood pressure sensor


2)      Cold water



3)      Spirometer


METHODOLOGY
A. Blood pressure as a vital sign
1. Have the subject sit quietly in a chair with his or her forearm resting on a table surface
(work in a group but all individual will have to go under this procedure). It is
advisable that the person who was been tested to remain calm and static.
2. Check the blood pressure and the heart rate stated in the Blood Pressure sensor and
writes it down in a table.
3. Check supine (laying on your back) blood pressure and heart rate and writes it down
in a table.
4. Have two person in your group to climb up and down the stairs for three times in five
minutes. Take the blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) immediately, and every 1
minute up to 5 minutes and writes it down in a table.
27
5. Have two person in your group to place their hand (the one to which the blood
pressure sensor cuff is not attached) into a large container filled with ice water.
Record BP and HR reading every 30 second for 3 minutes.
B. Human respiratory volume
1. Tidal volume (TV)
a. Set the spirometer dial at xero (0). Take a normal inspiration, place your
mouth over the mouth-piece, and exhale a normal expiration into the
spirometer. You will have to make a conscious effort not to exceed your
normal value.
b. Read the amount exhale on the dial.
c. Have your lab partner count your respiratory rate per minute by counting your
respiratory cycles for 1 minute while you are seated at rest.
d. Multiply your tidal volume by your respiratory rate per minute to give your
resting respiratory minute volume.
2. Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
a. Set the spirometer dial at xero (0).
b. After a normal expiration, place your mouth over the mouth-piece and
forcefully exhale as much air as possible into the spirometer.
3. Vital Capacity (VC)
a. Set the spirometer dial at xero (0).
b. Inhale as deeply as possible; place your mouth over the mouth-piece, hold
your nose, and exhale into spirometer with a maximal effort.
c. Repeat the measurement 3 times and record the largest volume.
4. Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) and Inspiration Capacity (IC)

a. Calculate the IRV and IC from 3 previous volume measurements.


RESULTS 

 Please click HERE for results!

LUNG VOLUME GRAPH ; SHAF
LUNG VOLUME GRAPH; FARA
LUNG VOLUME GRAPH ; NAS
                                                                 

L                                                                  LUNG VOLUME GRAPH : NAJWA

LUNG VOLUME GRAPH: MARSHA
DISCUSSION 

The activity that we have conducted is to study about the human physiology. Several activity for example, sitting, supine and running up and down the stairs. After we did these activities, we measure our blood pressure and heartbeat rate using the blood pressure sensor. As the result, each of us got different reading. From the reading, we can identify  our blood pressure category which are normal, prehypertension or high blood pressure.
     Next is human respiratory volume. In this activity, we used spirometer to measure our breathing volume. A few reading was recorded in order for us to plot our own lung volume graph. Every person will have a different lung volume graph.

     To conclude, every of us will not get the same reading. This is due to the factors of age, sex, body build and also physical conditioning. The reading shows our lungs volumes and capacities.

CONCLUSION
We conclude that the objective of this experiment was met after the experiment. 
REFERENCES

1)      Cherry, K. (n.d.). Learn About Psychology Basics With These Resources. Retrieved from https://www.verywellmind.com/learn-psychology-2795592

2)      Figure 2f from: Irimia R, Gottschling M (2016) Taxonomic revision of Rochefortia Sw. (Ehretiaceae, Boraginales). Biodiversity Data Journal 4: E7720. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e7720. (n.d.). doi:10.3897/bdj.4.e7720.figure2f



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